-Understand the three moves in the CARS model (establishing a research territory, establishing a niche, and occupying that niche)
-Recognize these three moves in academic writing
-Apply these moves in your own academic writing (specifically, their research paper introductions and literature reviews)
-Understand what a literature review is
-Understand that literature reviews vary among different fields and types of papers
-Identify the major elements in a literature review
Concept Overview
Take a look at the image below.
If you are unfamiliar with the word niche, you can find its definition HERE.
After completing steps 1-3, try to come up with an explanation of how this diagram can be applied to an introduction of a research paper.
Explanation
We will explore this topic in more depth with THIS POWERPOINT. Slides 3 and 4 contain the most important information for developing an introduction that follows the CARS model.
Identifying CARS Parts
After learning the specifics of the CARS model, apply what you've learned to THIS ARTICLE. Read only the introduction. In your groups try to identify the three parts of the CARS model in this introduction. Afterward, explain how each part of the CARS model is (or is not) related to the introduction.
Practice CARS
You will now work individually. Develop your own outline for an introduction that follows the CARS model. Create one sentence that relates to each part of the CARS model. I recommend that you develop an outline for your actual research paper, but you will not be limited to that. Save the file in your Dropbox.
Some of you will be asked to share your outline with the class. You will then come to the front of the room and open your file on the projection screen and mix the order of your sentences. The audience will then have to successfully organize the parts of the outline.
Good News: If you follow the CARS model for research paper introductions, you will not be required to write an introduction to your literature review. Simply include the purpose for presenting your chosen type of literature review (see Elements of Literature Reviews section for more details on the purpose).
Bad News: You cannot simply copy and paste your annotated bibliography for your literature review.
Types of Literature Reviews
Look at these SAMPLE LITERATURE REVIEWS. They are on the same topic and focus on the same niche, but they are written in two different styles--descriptive and critical. Try to first identify which style each sample follows. Then try to identify the topic and the niche of the literature reviews.
Selecting a Literature Review Style
Take a few minutes to read through the following possibilities, decide which literature review you will write for your final research paper.
-If you have a research question to answer, you may choose to write a critical style literature review where you explain the unclear or uncertain areas surrounding your niche that you hope to resolve within the paper.
-If you are writing a problems-solutions research paper, you may choose to write a descriptive style literature review that outlines the problem and past attempts at solutions.
-If you are writing an argumentative research paper, you may choose to write a descriptive style literature review that provides a background to the debate surrounding your niche.
Three Essential Elements of a Literature Reviews for ESL 501
1) A literature review should be centered around the niche. You will want to ensure that you keep the focus on how the sources are related to the area you are researching. This is related to the explanation of relevance section in your annotated bibliography.
2) A literature review should NOT be a delimited summary of each of your sources. Although, you may include some summary information to illustrate how sources presented in the literature review are related to your niche. It should, however, show the interaction among the sources you have researched--how they support each other, how they disagree with each other, or how they are related to each other.
3) A literature review should support your reason and purpose for researching this niche throughout the body of the literature review and explicitly summarize and state the reasoning in the conclusion section of the literature review.
Developing a Literature Review
Next, we will walk through the development of a literature review together. You can follow along on THIS POWERPOINT.
Afterward:
-Identify the topic of the paper, the niche, and a possible thesis statement.
-Review the information provided by the sources. Identify whether the information provided by the sources agrees or disagrees with the information provided by the other sources.
-Identify which elements in the conclusion are present in the Essential elements of Literature Reviews section.
Sources on Literature Reviews
LITERATURE REVIEW SOURCE 1
LITERATURE REVIEW SOURCE 2
LITERATURE REVIEW SOURCE 3
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